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81.
刘子诏 《地质灾害与环境保护》2011,22(2):116-120
为提高生产速度,指导生产,以饱和细粒土为实验材料,研究剪切速率的变化对样品凝聚力和摩擦角的影响. 相似文献
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国内某著名煤炭企业计划实施每年10万吨的CO2地质储存(CCS)项目,拟选了5组地层做为目标储层。但所选封存层平均渗透率在0.15~0.6mD,平均孔隙度在2~6%,属于低渗低孔地层,如不进行人工压裂提高注入层渗透率,要实现预定存储目标尚有一些困难。笔者在研究中发现,除对目标层进行一定的水裂酸化处理提高地层渗透特性可以显著提高注入性和存储能力外,CO2注入速率的变化对地层的封存能力和注入性也有明显影响。运用TOUGH2-ECO2N软件分别模拟了无水裂及水裂情况下8种不同注入速率下这些目标存储层的压力变化及CO2封存状态比例及理论最大封存能力。模拟结果表明使用水裂酸化方法对储层进行处理后,不仅可以使注入总量达到项目要求,还可使系统理论最大储存能力提高55%;并且在灌注过程中采用变速灌注方式,可以有效控制系统压力积聚,对将来实际灌注压力控制具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Marco A. Lardies José Luis Muñoz Kurt A. Paschke Francisco Bozinovic 《Marine Ecology》2011,32(1):42-51
The colonisation of the terrestrial environment by crustaceans is more apparent in tropical latitudes because of the high diversity of semi‐terrestrial and terrestrial crabs. However, in temperate regions there are also great numbers of crustaceans that inhabit ecological niches at the water–air interface. Grapsidae crabs (Decopoda) are especially important in studies of water‐to‐land transition as the family contains species occupying the intertidal and adjacent regions. A way to evaluate the ability of intertidal invertebrates to breathe air is to measure the aerial/aquatic oxygen consumption ratio. The objective of this study was to test the effect of thermal variation on the aquatic and aerial metabolism. We selected as study model the decopoda crab Cyclograpsus cinereus Dana and utilised five populations of the species spread over 2000 km along the Chilean coast. To determine the compensation capacity in respiration with respect to latitude, we evaluated metabolic rate at the same temperature in a common garden design in the laboratory, to examine the extent to which variation in crab physiology is environmentally determined. Whereas in our study, mb (body mass) varied significantly with latitude, the difference in mass‐independent metabolism both in air and water persisted, indicating that observed differences in MR (Metabolic Rate) were not an effect of differences in body size. We demonstrated that C. cinereus is able to breath oxygen from air and water as expected for an amphibious crab. Almost all the studied populations of C. cinereus show a aerial/aquatic metabolism ratio near 1. The pattern found indicates an increase in metabolic rate, both aerial and aquatic, in low latitudes and therefore does not support the latitudinal compensation hypothesis for temperate habitats. Finally, these kinds of studies are required to make the necessary link between ecological physiology and macroecology and to help develop a global understanding of organismal function in marine systems. 相似文献
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Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Corinne A. Hartin Rana A. FineBernadette M. Sloyan Lynne D. TalleyTeresa K. Chereskin James Happell 《Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers》2011,58(5):524-534
The formation of Subantarctic Mode Water (SAMW) and Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) significantly contributes to the total uptake and storage of anthropogenic gases, such as CO2 and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), within the world's oceans. SAMW and AAIW formation rates in the South Pacific are quantified based on CFC-12 inventories using hydrographic data from WOCE, CLIVAR, and data collected in the austral winter of 2005. This study documents the first wintertime observations of CFC-11 and CFC-12 saturations with respect to the 2005 atmosphere in the formation region of the southeast Pacific for SAMW and AAIW. SAMW is 94% and 95% saturated for CFC-11 and CFC-12, respectively, and AAIW is 60% saturated for both CFC-11 and CFC-12. SAMW is defined from the Subantarctic Front to the equator between potential densities 26.80-27.06 kg m−3, and AAIW is defined from the Polar Front to 20°N between potential densities 27.06-27.40 kg m−3. CFC-12 inventories are 16.0×106 moles for SAMW and 8.7×106 moles for AAIW, corresponding to formation rates of 7.3±2.1 Sv for SAMW and 5.8±1.7 Sv for AAIW circulating within the South Pacific. Inter-ocean transports of SAMW from the South Pacific to the South Atlantic are estimated to be 4.4±0.6 Sv. Thus, the total formation of SAMW in the South Pacific is approximately 11.7±2.2 Sv. These formation rates represent the average formation rates over the major period of CFC input, from 1970 to 2005. The CFC-12 inventory maps provide direct evidence for two areas of formation of SAMW, one in the southeast Pacific and one in the central Pacific. Furthermore, eddies in the central Pacific containing high CFC concentrations may contribute to SAMW and to a lesser extent AAIW formation. These CFC-derived rates provide a baseline with which to compare past and future formation rates of SAMW and AAIW. 相似文献
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温度对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、变态和存活率的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过不同水温的比较实验,研究了凡纳滨对虾人工育苗的适宜水温,旨在了解33℃及其以上水温对凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、变态和存活率可能造成的不良影响.实验结果表明,在29、31、33、35℃这4种温度实验组中,33℃组幼体的生长最快.Z1—P15期幼体的存活率以31℃组的最高(为29.8%),其次是33℃组(为20.9%),35℃组的最低(为4.7%).实验过程中31℃组幼体的活力状态最佳、最稳定.因此,31℃左右是凡纳滨对虾幼体生长、发育的适宜水温.考虑到33℃组幼体的总存活率虽然低于31℃组,但其具有生长较快的优势,因此可认为目前凡纳滨对虾人工育苗普遍采用的31~32℃水温是合适的. 相似文献